John Hagan’s Power Control Theory explains differences in crime rates between men and women. It attributes them to the fact that girls and boys in families are brought up differently. While boys have more freedom and are therefore more prone to delinquency, girls are more strongly regulated. As a result,
USA
Marxist theory of crime
Marxist theories of crime aim at the power difference between different social classes. Laws and their enforcement serve to maintain these power differences. Main proponent Richard Quinney, William Chambliss Theory The contents of Marxist crime theories do not always automatically go back to the social theorist Karl Marx. Rather, the
Labelling – primary and secondary deviance (Lemert)
Edwin M. Lemert distinguishes between primary and secondary deviance. An individual first commits primary deviance. Through a process of labelling the individual is forced to play the role of deviant. As a reaction to this role assignment (“You are criminal!”), the labelled person adapts his behaviour according to the role
Multiple factor approach by Sheldon Glueck & Eleanor Turoff Glueck
What is a multiple factor approach? In a groundbreaking study the married couple Glueck and Glueck created a multiple factor approach. In order to modify the one-sided attempts to explain crime theories and to focus on the aspect of the versatility of criminal actions, so-called multiple factor approaches were developed.
Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT) (Messner & Rosenfeld)
According to Institutional Anomie Theory (IAT), crime is an indirect consequence of the dominance of the economy over other sectors of society. If a society is primarily shaped by economic interests, economic logic permeates other social institutions and areas (such as education). This results in utilitarian behaviour on the part
General Strain Theory (Agnew)
According to Robert Agnew’ s General Strain Theory, strain is based on three different factors: failure to achieve a goal, the existence of harmful impulses, and the removal of positive impulses. Stress produces negative emotions such as anger or depression that promote delinquent behaviour without adequate coping skills. Main proponent