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Sozialwissenschaftliche Theorien

  • Criminology
  • Theories of crime
    • Anomie/ strain theories
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learning

Techniques of neutralization (Sykes und Matza)

Techniques of neutralization explain how offenders rationalized or justified their behaviour. Main proponent Gresham M. Sykes und David Matza Theory A special case within the learning approaches is Sykes’ and Matza’s thesis of techniques of neutralization. The focus here is on the learned justifications of the criminal for his already

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1958, learning, micro, punitive, techniques of neutralisation, USA

Theory of differential opportunities (Cloward & Ohlin)

The theory of differential opportunities combines learning, subculture, anomie and social disorganization theories and expands them to include the recognition that for criminal behaviour there must also be access to illegitimate means. Main proponent Richard A. Cloward und Lloyd E. Ohlin Theorie Cloward & Ohlin’s theory of differential opportunities represents

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1960, aetiological, Anomie, Cloward, Cohen, learning, Merton, micro/macro, Ohlin, social desorganisation, sociology, subculture, theory of differential opportunities, USA

Social learning theory (Akers)

The theory of social learning states that criminal behaviour is learned when the positive consequences of deviant behaviour are more powerful than the positive consequences of normative behaviour (operant conditioning). Main proponent Ronald L. Akers und Robert L. Burgess Theory Referring to Sutherland’s theory of differential associations, Aker’s theory of

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1966, aetiological, Akers, learning, micro, sociology, Sutherland, USA

Differential association theory (Sutherland)

In his theory of differential association, Edwin Sutherland proposes that criminal behavior is learned. A person will become delinquent if there are prior attitudes that favor law breaking, as opposed to attitudes that evaluate law breaking negatively. Main proponent Edwin H. Sutherland Theory Edwin Sutherland’s theory of differential association posits

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1924, aetiological, learning, micro, sociology, sociology, subculture, theory of differential associations, USA

Subcultural theory (Cohen)

Cohen’s subcultural theory assumes that crime is a consequence of the union of young people into so-called subcultures in which deviant values and moral concepts dominate. Subcultural theory became the dominant theory of its time. Main proponent Albert K. Cohen Theory Cohen’s basic assumption is that most juvenile criminals are

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1955, aetiological, Anomie, Anomie, learning, micro/macro, sociology, Subculture, subculture, USA

Career model (Hess)

According to German sociologist Henner Hess, the emergence and consolidation of criminal behaviour can be explained by careers. The actor glides processually, pushed through the outside world and situation, but ultimately individually chosen, into a delinquent role. Main proponent Henner Hess Theory Hess’ basic assumption regarding crime theories is that

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Kategorie: Theories of Crime Tags: 1978, aetiological, Anomie, Anomie, Anomie, Becker, career model, control, criminology, Germany, labelling, learning, Learning theory, Lebenslauf, Lemert, micro, punitive, Rational Choice, situation, Subculture, subculture

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About SozTheo

SozTheo is a collection of information and resources aimed at all readers interested in sociology and criminology. SozTheo was created as a private page by Prof. Dr. Christian Wickert, lecturer in sociology and criminology at the University of Applied Sciences for Police and Public Administration in North Rhine-Westphalia (HSPV NRW). The contributions and linked articles available here do not necessarily reflect the official opinion, attitude or curricula of the HSPV NRW.

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