Shaming describes any form of reaction to deviant behaviour that causes shame in the deviant. Braithwaite assumes two different forms of shaming. Disintegrative shaming has a stigmatizing effect and excludes a person from the community. It thus provides for the emergence of secondary deviance and is thus related to the
Subculture
Learning/ Subculture
Learning theories assume that both deviant and conformal behaviours are learned in interactions with other members of society. Learning theoretical approaches explain delinquency as behaviours that are processually passed on in groups and communities. Criminal behaviour is thus learned in the same way and through the same mechanisms as any
