Shaming describes any form of reaction to deviant behaviour that causes shame in the deviant. Braithwaite assumes two different forms of shaming. Disintegrative shaming has a stigmatizing effect and excludes a person from the community. It thus provides for the emergence of secondary deviance and is thus related to the
sociology
Defiance Theory (Sherman)
According to the Defiance Theory, punishment can have three different effects. Punishment can have a deterrent effect and thus have the desired success. Punishment can be ineffective, i.e. have no influence on the subsequent committing of crimes. Punishment can cause a reaction of defiance. Thus punishment intensifies deviant behaviour. Which
Edgework (Lyng)
Edgework is a socio-psychological concept that understands voluntary risk taking as a temporary escape from social boundaries and the search for mental and/or physical borderline experiences. Main proponent Stephen Lyng Theory Edgework is not a crime theory in the strict sense of the word. Rather, it is a concept of
Feminist Criminology
Theory A large part of feminist criminology has arisen as a result of radical crime theories. Feminist crime theories investigate the influence of gender differences on crime phenomena. The advocates of this approach criticize that in other approaches and crime theories a transferability of the postulated connections – which are
Social disorganization (Shaw & McKay)
[also known as: Social Ecology, Area Approach, cultural transmission] Theories of social disorganization assume that in areas with certain ecological conditions such as high unemployment rates, population mobility or material decay, crime rates are constant. Such conditions prevent social organisation and cohesion in the neighbourhood and thus informal social control
